Articoli Abbasid Caliphate
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(en) Islamic state (in Arabic, ad-dawlah al-islamīyah) is a kind of government (monarchy, republic or democracy) based on Islamic religious law. The Caliphate is a form of monarchic government headed by the Caliph (in Arabic, khalīfa) who is the regent, acting as successor of Muhammad. Second in command after the Caliph, with political and military roles, is the Emir (in Arabic, amīr) literally a "commander". Another sovereign title used by numerous Arab and non-Arab dynasties is the Sultan (in Arabic, sulṭān, "strength", "authority") supreme head of Sunni Islam and ruler in the Ottoman Empire. Arab Bedouin, led by the Prophet Muhammad, starting from 7th century with the Islamic expansion, conquered a huge territory, divulgating or converting different peoples, and continued until the 18th century thanks to the Ottoman and Mughal Empires. After Muhammad's death, the first Caliphate was established. During this first Caliphate, called the Rashidun Caliphate (in Arabic, Khilāfat al-Rāshidūn "Caliphate of the Orthodox") that spanned from 632 to 661, the Umma was governed by the four chosen Caliphs: Abū Bakr, marUmar ibn al-Khattāb, ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān and ʿAlī b. Abi Tālib. The "Orthodox" Caliphate was replaced by the Umayyad Caliphate (661-750) which was governed by the Umayyad dynasty (in Arabic, al-'Umawiyyūn or Banū'Umayya "Sons of Umayya"), coming from Mecca. After toppling the Umayyad Caliphate in the Abbasid revolution, the Abbasid Caliphate (in Arabic, ʿAbbāsiyyūn) was established and lasted from 750 to 1258. The culmination of the Abbasid power was under Hārūn al-Rashīd. His life and fabulous court have been the subject of many anecdotes; the famous tale "One Thousand and One Nights" contains many stories inspired by the myth of his magnificent court. The Fatimid Caliphate (in Arabic, Fāṭimiyyūn) constituted, between 909 and 1171, the most important Ismaili Shiite dynasty in the whole history of Islam and owes its name to the descent from Fātima bt. Muhammad, daughter of the prophet Muhammad. In the mid-11th century, the Seljuks won over the Fatimids in Syria and the loss of Palestine followed, after the Crusades and Saladin's victory in Egypt, marking the end of the Arab empire and the beginning of the new Ayyubid dynasty. After the destruction of the Abbasid Empire by the Mughal Dynasty, the Ottoman Empire came to power. In 1453, it conquered Constantinople, renamed it Istanbul and made it the capital of the empire. Today there are about 1.1 billion Muslims and, not only being Arab, Islam is represented in many major cultures in over 60 countries.
Abbasid Caliphate:
Islamic states › Abbasid Caliphate • Dinaro (750-1517)
60 Fils / Mangir = 1 Dinaro = 1 Ashrafi • 1 Dirham / Jital = ⁷⁄₁₀ Dinaro
Dinar - al-Rashid (JA'FAR in field) 176-187 (793-803)
Monete › Moneta di circolazione regolare
Oro • 4.26 g • ⌀ 19 mm
Album Islamic# 218.11, N# 159907
Fals - temp. al-Rashid (Sabur) 178 (795)
Monete › Moneta di circolazione regolare
Rame • 4.44 g • ⌀ 22 mm
Album Islamic# J327, N# 264594
Dinar - al-Rashid (Double Marginal Inscription) 179-187 (795-803)
Monete › Moneta di circolazione regolare
Oro • 3.98 g • ⌀ 20 mm
Album Islamic# 218.3, N# 81289
Dirham - Anonymous (citing al-Amin Muhammad) 179-192 (795-808)
Monete › Moneta di circolazione regolare
Argento • 2.94 g • ⌀ 27 mm
Album Islamic# 219.9, N# 159746
Dirham - Anonymous (North African imitation) 180-192 (796-808)
Monete › Moneta di circolazione regolare
Argento • 2.84 g • ⌀ 25 mm
Album Islamic# 219E, N# 333493
Dirham - Anonymous (citing al-Ma'mun 'Abd Allah) 183-190 (799-806)
Monete › Moneta di circolazione regolare
Argento • 2.74 g • ⌀ 26 mm
Album Islamic# 219.11, N# 413966
Islamic states › Abbasid Caliphate • Dracma (750-948)
½ Drachm - 'Abd Allah ibn Sa'id al-Harashi (Abbasid Governors of Tabaristan - Arab-Sasanian) ND (801-803)
Monete › Moneta di circolazione regolare
Argento • 1.69 g
N# 80504
Islamic states › Abbasid Caliphate • Dinaro (750-1517)
60 Fils / Mangir = 1 Dinaro = 1 Ashrafi • 1 Dirham / Jital = ⁷⁄₁₀ Dinaro
Dirham - Anonymous 187-193 (803-809)
Monete › Moneta di circolazione regolare
Argento • 2.9 g • ⌀ 23.6 mm
Album Islamic# 219.2, N# 52524
Dinar - Al-Rashid (lil Khalifa type) 189-193 (805-809)
Monete › Moneta di circolazione regolare
Oro • 4.25 g • ⌀ 19 mm
Album Islamic# 218.13, N# 420081
Dirham - Anonymous (citing al-Ma'mun) 193-197 (809-813)
Monete › Moneta di circolazione regolare
Argento • 2.90 g
Album Islamic# 221.4, N# 81315
Islamic states › Abbasid Caliphate • Dracma (750-948)
Drachm "Black Dirhems Muhammadi " - citing Caliph al-Amin - Sogdiana "Transoxiana" (Arab-Bukharan) ND (809-813)
Monete › Moneta di circolazione regolare
Biglione • 2.60 g • ⌀ 24 mm
N# 85367
Islamic states › Abbasid Caliphate • Dinaro (750-1517)
60 Fils / Mangir = 1 Dinaro = 1 Ashrafi • 1 Dirham / Jital = ⁷⁄₁₀ Dinaro
Dirham - al-Ma'mun (citing Tahir ibn al-Husayn) 194-195 (810-811)
Monete › Moneta di circolazione regolare
Argento • 2.86 g
Album Islamic# 223.3a, N# 81317
Dinar - al-Amin 195 (810-811)
Monete › Moneta di circolazione regolare
Oro • 4.23 g
Album Islamic# 220.2, N# 81314
Dinar - al-Amin 195 (811)
Monete › Moneta di circolazione regolare
Oro • 4.17 g • ⌀ 18 mm
Album Islamic# 220.5, N# 416034
Dirham - al-Ma'mun 195-200 (811-816)
Monete › Moneta di circolazione regolare
Argento • 3.9 g • ⌀ 25 mm
Album Islamic# 223.3, N# 179102
Islamic states › Abbasid Caliphate • Dracma (750-948)
Drachm - al-Fadl ibn Sahl (Arab-Khwarezm) ND (811-819)
Monete › Moneta di circolazione regolare
Argento • 1.83 g
N# 80511
Islamic states › Abbasid Caliphate • Dinaro (750-1517)
60 Fils / Mangir = 1 Dinaro = 1 Ashrafi • 1 Dirham / Jital = ⁷⁄₁₀ Dinaro
Dirham - Anonymous (temp. Ibrahim) 202 (817)
Monete › Moneta di circolazione regolare
Argento • 2.92 g
Album Islamic# E225, N# 81321
Dirham - al-Ma'mun (naming Al-Rida as heir) 202-205 (817-820)
Monete › Moneta di circolazione regolare
Argento • 2.89 g
Album Islamic# 224, N# 81318
Fals - Ghassan ibn 'Abbad (Samarqand) 205 (820)
Monete › Moneta di circolazione regolare
Rame • 2.2 g • ⌀ 20 mm
Album Islamic# 334, N# 444800
Fals - Anonymous (Thaghr al-Masisa) ND (820-825)
Monete › Moneta di circolazione regolare
Rame • 3.05 g • ⌀ 18.2 mm
Album Islamic# 298, N# 357704
Fals - Anonymous (Imārat Iqritiya - Vassal of Abbasid Caliphate) ND (827-961)
Monete › Moneta di circolazione regolare
Rame • ⌀ 11 mm
N# 284199
Dirham - al-Mu'tasim 219-227 (834-842)
Monete › Moneta di circolazione regolare
Argento • 2.91 g • ⌀ 26 mm
Album Islamic# 226, N# 81323
Dirham - al-Wathiq 227-232 (842-847)
Monete › Moneta di circolazione regolare
Argento • 2.95 g
Album Islamic# 228, N# 81325
Dinar - al-Mutawakkil (Donative type) ND (847-861)
Monete › Moneta di circolazione regolare
Oro • 4.29 g
N# 81328
Dirham - al-Mutawakkil 240-247 (854-861)
Monete › Moneta di circolazione regolare
Argento • 2.89 g • ⌀ 21 mm
Album Islamic# 230.3, N# 81336
Dirham - al-Muntasir 248 (862)
Monete › Moneta di circolazione regolare
Argento • 2.88 g • ⌀ 19 mm
Album Islamic# 232, N# 81339
Dinar - al-Musta'in ND (862-865)
Monete › Moneta di circolazione regolare
Oro 900‰ • 4.21 g
N# 74680
Dirham - al-Mu'tazz 252 (866-869)
Monete › Moneta di circolazione regolare
Argento • 3.03 g
Album Islamic# 236.1, N# 81408
Dirham - al-Muhtadi ND (869-870)
Monete › Moneta di circolazione regolare
Argento • 3.03 g • ⌀ 26 mm
Album Islamic# 238, N# 81410
Dirham - al-Mu'tamid (citing his brother al-Muwaffaq) ND (870-892)
Monete › Moneta di circolazione regolare
Argento • 3.50 g
Album Islamic# 240.5, N# 81570
Islamic states › Abbasid Caliphate • Dracma (750-948)
Drachm - Qudama (Eastern Sistan - Arab-Sasanian) ND (873-948)
Monete › Moneta di circolazione regolare
Argento • 3 g
N# 80521
Islamic states › Abbasid Caliphate • Dinaro (750-1517)
60 Fils / Mangir = 1 Dinaro = 1 Ashrafi • 1 Dirham / Jital = ⁷⁄₁₀ Dinaro
1 Dirham - al-Mufawwid ila Allah (al-Mawsil) ND (875-892)
Monete › Moneta di circolazione regolare
Argento • 3.00 g • ⌀ 27 mm
Album Islamic# cf. C241, N# 388692
Dirham - al-Mu'tadid ND (892-902)
Monete › Moneta di circolazione regolare
Argento • 3.11 g
N# 81576
Dinar - al-Mu'tadid ND (892-902)
Monete › Moneta di circolazione regolare
Oro • 3.66 g • ⌀ 24 mm
N# 81572
Dinar - al-Mu'tadid (Donative type) ND (892-902)
Monete › Moneta di circolazione regolare
Oro • 2.50 g • ⌀ 21 mm
N# 81574
Fals - al-munajjah (Abbasid Governors) ND (900-925)
Monete › Moneta di circolazione regolare
Rame • 2.90 g • ⌀ 22 mm
Album Islamic# 300, N# 338661
Dirham - al-Muktafi ND (902-908)
Monete › Moneta di circolazione regolare
Argento • 3.20 g
Album Islamic# 234.1, 234.2, N# 81677
Dirham - al-Muqtadir ND (907-932)
Monete › Moneta di circolazione regolare
Argento • 2.74 g • ⌀ 26 mm
N# 81683
Dirham - al-Muqtadir (Donative type - ornamental designs) ND (907-932)
Monete › Moneta di circolazione regolare
Argento • 2.94 g
N# 81682
Dirham - al-Muqtadir (Donative type) ND (907-932)
Monete › Moneta di circolazione regolare
Argento • 2.96 g
N# 81685
Il referente di Numista per le monete di questo emittente è LEA_Lars.
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